1. The term ecosystem was coined by-
(a) Arthur Tansley ✔
(b) Al Gore
(c) Arrhenius Svante
(d) Mobius
2. Who first used and defined Ecology in 1866?
(a) H. Reiter
(b) Haeckel✔
(c) Charles Elton
(d) Odum
3. In the study of man–environment interaction, the statement of Miss Semple that ‘the humans are slowly the product of their environment’ is-
(a) An opinion
(b) A prejudice
(c) A fact✔
(d) A widely accepted phenomenon
4. A habitat is-
(a) An area inhabited by a community.
(b) A small part of the ecosystem.
(c) A particular area inhabited by plants and animals.✔
(d) The number of different organisms living in a specificarea.
5. Which of the following is not an abiotic condition?
(a) Water
(b) Soil
(c) Temperature
(d) Bacteria✔
6. The existence of the atmosphere on the earth is due to-
(a) The revolution of the earth around the sun.
(b) The rotation of the earth.
(c) The gravitational force of the earth.✔
(d) None of the above
7. Match the following:-
List-I List-II
A. Troposphere I. Dust particles
B. Stratosphere II. Ozone layer
C. Ionosphere III. Meteors
D. Exosphere IV. Aurora
Codes:-
(a) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV ✔
(b) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
(c) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
(d) None of the above
8. Which of the following is the basis for all food chains?
(a) Consumers
(b) Producers✔
(c) Decomposers
(d) None of the above
9. Total organic matter in an ecosystem is called-
(a) Biome
(b) Biotic community
(c) Plants
(d) Biomass✔
10. The energy pyramid is-
(a) Always inverted ✔
(b) Always horizontal
(c) Sometimes diagonal
(d) None of the above
11. As a result of biomagnification, the secondary consumers will be-
(a) The most toxic ✔
(b) The least toxic
(c) Not toxic at all
(d) None of the above
12. Which of the following gases is not harmful as a natural component of the atmosphere?
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Hydrogen✔
(c) Nitrogen
(d) Water vapors
13. The two main components of an ecosystem are-
(a) Plants and animals
(b) Biotic and abiotic✔
(c) Earth and its surroundings
(d) Macro and microorganisms
14. cloudy nights are warmer compared to clear nights (without clouds) during winters. This is because-
(a) Clouds radiate heat towards the earth.
(b) Clouds prevent cold waves from the sky from descending on the earth.
(c) Clouds prevent escaping of heat radiation from the earth.✔
(d) Clouds being at great heights from earth absorb heat from the sun and send them towards the earth.
15. The urbanization process accounts for the wind in the urban centres during nights to remain-
(a) Faster than that in rural areas.
(b) Slower than that in rural areas.✔
(c) The same as that in the rural areas.
(d) Cooler than that in rural areas.
16. If population growth follows a logistic curve, then the maximum sustainable yield -
(a) Is equal to half the carrying capacity.
(b) Is equal to the carrying capacity.
(c) Depends on growth rates.✔
(d) Depends on the initial population.
17. The structure of the earth’s system consists of the following.
Match the following:-
List-I(Zone) List-II(Chemical character)
A. Atmosphere I. Inert gases
B. Biosphere II. Salt, freshwater, snow and ice
C. Hydrosphere III. Organic substances
D. Lithosphere IV. Light silicates
Codes:-
(a) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
(b) A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV✔
(c) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
(d) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
18. Earth is often struck by solar eruptions, which comprise energetic particles that are hurled away from the Sun into space. Which of the following statements reflect the effect on earth?
1. When these eruptions interact with the magnetic field, they cause beautiful auroras.
2. They break down radio communication and power supplies.
3. They don’t affect the life support system on earth.
Codes:-
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only✔
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 3 only
19. A temperature inversion is a condition when the air-
(a) Near the ground is lighter.
(b) Near the ground is cooler than air at the higher altitudes.✔
(c) Near the ground is hotter than that at higher altitudes.
(d) None of the above
20. Beginning from the surface of the earth, what is the sequence of different layers of the atmosphere?
(a) Stratosphere, Troposphere, Ionosphere, Exosphere
(b) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Ionosphere, Exosphere✔
(c) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Ionosphere
(d) None of the above
21. The most dynamic layer of the atmosphere in terms of climatic and weather conditions are-
(a) Troposphere ✔
(b) Ionosphere
(c) Stratosphere
(d) Mesosphere
22. In which of the following layers of the atmosphere, ozone (O3) gas is present?
(a) Stratosphere ✔
(b) Mesosphere
(c) Troposphere
(d) None of the above
23. Biome is a natural community of-
(a) Plants in a geographical area.
(b) Animals in a geographical area.
(c) Plants and animals in a geographical area.✔
(d) Plants in the Arctic region.
24. If we combine all the ecosystems present on earth, then it is called
(a) Biome
(b) Biosphere✔
(c) Habitat
(d) Ecology
25. All the energy in a food chain originates from-
(a) Plants
(b) Sea
(c) Sun ✔
(d) All of these
26. A food web is to show
(a) How feeding relationships are interlinked.
(b) How several food chains are connected together.
(c) Who eats what.
(d) All the above✔
27. In the analysis of man–environment relationship pragmatic possibilism implies that-
(a) There is no limit for man to exploit the resources of the earth.
(b) There are limited possibilities to explore the Earth’s resources.
(c) The man has to watch and assess the situation and then go ahead with resource utilization.✔
(d) The man has to keep in mind only his basic needs while planning to harness the potential of resourceful earth.
28. Which of the following are included in the biosphere?
(a) Hydrosphere
(b) Lithosphere
(c) Atmosphere
(d) All of these✔
29. The interlocking of two or more types of food chains at different trophic levels are called-
(a) Food chain
(b) Food web✔
(c) Succession
(d) Ecological pyramid
30. The transfer of food energy through a chain of organisms from one trophic level to another is called
(a) Energy chain
(b) Food chain✔
(c) Trophic chain
(d) Organism chain
31. A keystone species is characterized by its-
(a) Disproportionate large impact on the ecosystem✔
(b) Very less impact on the ecosystem
(c) No impact at all
(d) None of the above
32. A population that is at equilibrium is-
(a) Steadily decreasing
(b) Steadily increasing
(c) Its number is almost stable over a period of time.✔
(d) Intermixing rapidly with other populations.
32. Which of the following are considered producers in a food chain?
(a) Autotrophic plants ✔
(b) Herbivores
(c) Carnivores
(d) Decomposers
34. Which of the following are directly dependent on producers for a living?
(a) Carnivores
(b) Decomposers
(c) Scavengers
(d) Herbivores✔
35. The animals which feed only on other animals are known as
(a) Omnivores
(b) Carnivores✔
(c) Herbivores
(d) Autotrophs
36. The green plants, which can make their own food with the help of the process of photosynthesis are termed as-
(a) Herbivores
(b) Carnivores
(c) Autotrophs ✔
(d) None of the above
37. The various levels through which energy passes into an ecosystem are called
(a) Consumers
(b) Autotrophs
(c) Trophic levels ✔
(d) None of the above
38. The transitional area between two ecosystems is termed as-
(a) Ecoline ✔
(b) Ecotourism
(c) Ecotone
(d) None of the above
39. The population consists of-
(a) Organisms in a species that is capable of reproducing among themselves.
(b) Different species that can interbreed.
(c) Collective members of a species living and interacting across the biosphere.✔
(d) Some organisms that may not belong to any species.
40. In which of the following atmospheric layers ionosphere occurs?
(a) Mesosphere ✔
(b) Exosphere
(c) Stratosphere
(d) Troposphere
41. In an ecotone, the species which become abundant are called-
(a) Keystone species
(b) Endemic species
(c) Edge species ✔
(d) Foster species
42. The air pollutants are mainly classified as-
(a) Point source and non-point source
(b) Primary and secondary pollutants✔
(c) Natural or anthropogenic pollutants
(d) None of the above
43. The main difference between primary air pollutants and secondary air pollutants are
(a) Former contains water molecules, while secondary pollutants do not.
(b) Primary air pollutants have a more direct effect on human health.
(c) Former are released directly into the atmosphere, while the latter is formed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere.✔
(d) Primary air pollutants are formed through photochemical reactions in the sunlight, while the secondary air pollutants are not.
44. Which of the following can be considered as the best example of primary air pollutants?
(a) Carbon dioxide released from burning coal.✔
(b) Sulphur trioxide.
(c) Ozone produced in photochemical smog.
(d) Carbon dioxide released through photosynthesis.
45. Which of the following best illustrates a secondary air pollutant?
(a) CO2 released from the burning of coal.
(b) NO2 released from the burning of oil.
(c) Ozone produced in photochemical smog.✔
(d) None of the above
46. The common features between NO2, SO2, CO and SPM is that all of them-
(a) Are classified as primary pollutants.✔
(b) Are classified as secondary pollutants.
(c) Have equal role in causing acid rain.
(d) Are greenhouse gases.
47. How are nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and carbon oxides related?
(a) All of them are secondary air pollutants that contribute to global warming.
(b) All of them are primary air pollutants that contribute to acid deposition.✔
(c) All are air pollutants formed by combustion of fossil fuels.
(d) All of them are air pollutants that result in respiratory diseases in humans.
48. Atmospheric pollutants are mainly present in-
(a) Ionosphere
(b) Stratosphere
(c) Mesosphere
(d) Troposphere and lower stratosphere✔
49. Lead is used as an anti-knocking agent (tetra-ethyl lead) in petrol. It affects our-
(a) Central nervous system✔
(b) Respiratory system
(c) Cardiac system
(d) Skeletal system
50. Match the following:
List-I (Metal) List-II (Effects)
A. Chromium I. Thalassaemia
B. Arsenic II. Itai-Itai
C. Cadmium III. Dermatitis
D. Iron IV. Carcinogen
Codes:
(a) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I ✔
(b) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
(c) A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
(d) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV